* F A R R U K H A B A D *
SHRI SHIV-SHAKTI JYOTISH ANUSANDHAN KENDRA ,FARRUKHABAD
Farrukhabad |
is one of the 75 administrative districts of Uttar Pradesh with headquarters at Fatehgarh city. The district is bounded by Badaun and Shahjahanpur on the North, Hardoi on the East, Kannauj on the South and district Etah & Mainpuri on the West. The district of Farrukhabad forms a part of Kanpur division.
Fatehgarh, the headquarter city derives its name from an old fort. Fatehgarh remained a Military Station of considerable importance and in 1802 it became the headquarters of the Governor Generals Agent for the ceded provinces. In 1818 a gun carriage factory was established here.
Farrukhabad is well connected by Road as well as Train. It is 140 Kms by Road from Kanpur , 70 Kms From Hardoi, 190 Kms from State Capital Lucknow. It is nearly 350 Kms by Train from NatiFarrukhabad District forms part of Kanpur division in Uttar Pradesh. Fatehgarh is the district administrative headquarters. Farrukhabad District is situated between 26 degree 46 minutes north latitude and 27 degree 43 minutes north and 79 degree 7 minutes east and 80 degree 2 minutes east longitude. This administrative district of Uttar Pradesh is bounded by Badaun and Shahjahanpur on the north, Hardoi on the east, Kannauj on the south and Etah and Mainpuri on the west. The township of Farrukhabad, Fatehgarh consists of two district towns, Farrukhabad and Fatehgarh, former being the headquarters of the Tehsil, both lying about 5 kms apart. Ganga River and Ramganga River are located towards the east and Kali River towards the south.
plain lands, varied only by a few gentle undulations and slopes, sometimes abrupt, which lead down to the river valleys. The highest recorded elevation is 167 metres above sea level at Mohammadabad and the lowest recorded elevation is 145.69 metres at Mau Rasulpur in the Trans Ganga flats of Tehsil Farrukhabad. The only marked variation of level is between the two divisions, the upland or bangar, which is a continuation of the Doab and the low lands, cut away from the upland by erosive action of the rivers. Farrukhabad District has a moderate climate with a hot dry summer and a pleasant cold season. .
Location & Boundries -Farrukhabad is situated between Lat. 26° 46' N & 27° 43' N and Long. 79° 7' E & 80° 2' E. It forms a part of Kanpur division. It is bounded by Badaun & Shahjahanpur on the north, Hardoi on the east, Kannauj on the south and Etah & Mainpuri on the west.
Topography-The district is a level plane, varied only by a few gentle undulations and slopes, sometimes abrupt, which lead down to the river valleys. The highest recorded elevation is 167m. above sea level at Mohammadabad and the lowest 145.69 m. at Mau Rasulpur in the Trans Ganga flats of Tehsil Farrukhabad. The only marked variation of level is between the two divisions, the upland or bangar, which is a continuation of the doab and the low lands or Tarais, cut away from the upland by the erosive action of the rivers.
Climate-The climate of the district is characterised by a hot dry summer and a pleasant cold season.
onal Capital Delhi.
*HISTORY OF
FARRUKHABAD*
The early history of the region now covered by the present
district of Farrukhabad goes back to remote antiquity. During the Bronze
agenumerous pre historical weapons and tools were find here. Large numbers of
stone statues are found at Sankisa & Kampil. Farrukhabad can claim great
antiquity in sculpture. The Aryans settled in this region who were close allies
of Kurus. The traditional history of the district from the earliest times till
the end of The Mahabharata war is gleaned from the Puranas & Mahabharata.
'Amavasu' founded a kingdom, the capital of which later was
Kanyakubja (Kannauj). Jahnu was a powerful king since the river Ganga is said
to have been named after him as Jahnaui. This region rose into great prominence
during the Mahabharata period. Kampilya was the capital of South Panchala and
it was here that the famous Svayamvara of Draupadi. The name Panchala being
used for the entire region, of which Kampilya (Kampil) was the chief city which
has till then been the capital of South Panchala.
Panchala figures as the tenth in the list of the sixteen
premier states (Mahajanpada) in the time of Mahavira and Buddha and is said to
have comprised the region covered by the present districts of Bareily , Badaun
and Farrukhabad. About the middle of the fourth century B.C., probably in the
reign of Mahapadma, this territory was annexed to the Nanda empire of Magadha.
Ashoka also built a monolithic pillar at Sankisa, which was noticed by the
Chinese traveller, Fa-hien. A large number of coins were found at places like
Mathura and Kannauj and in Panchala region which are supposed to be associated
with the Mitra rulers. The basis of the coins are generally believed to have
flourished between C.100 B.C. and C.200 A.D.
Kannauj was a famous and important city in the second
century is also attested to by its mention under the name of Kangora or
Kanogiza by the geographer, Ptolemy (C.140 A.D.). The present district of
Farrukhabad shared the fruits of the golden age of the Guptas and contributed
much towards its peace and prosperity.
Fa-hien, the Chinese pilgrim visited Kannauj between 399 and
414 A.D., during the reign of Chandragupta II. Fa-hien spent his retreat at the
Dragon-Shrine and when it was over he travelled seven yojanas to the
south-east, which brought him to Kannauj. Sankisa was one of the greatest
Buddhist pilgrims centre at the time of Fa-hien's visit. Fa-hien remarks
"This country is very productive and the people are flourishing and happy
beyond compare. When man of other nations come, care is taken of all of them
and they are provided with what they require". There was a renewed
invasion of the Hunas with far greater success. After this, Harivarman appears
to have been the founder of the Maukhari house of Kannauj. Harsha also advanced
towards Kannauj. The Chinese pilgrim, Hiuen Tsang, visited Kannauj in 643 A.D..
There were 100 Buddhist Monasteries with more than 10000 priests. A religious
assembly was also held here by Harsha. Hiuen Tsang mentions Kah-Pi-Ta (Kapitha,
identified with Sankisa) as the other important place of the district.
The close of the 10th century was marked by the Muslim
invasion of India. Rajyapala was the ruler of Kannauj when Mahmud of Ghazni
attacked India. After sacking Mathura, Mahmud proceeded towards Kannauj in 1018
A.D. He saw "a city which raised its head to the skies and which in
strength and beauty might boast of being unrivalled." Mahmud captured all
the seven forts of Kannauj in 1019 A.D.
An inscription of the Chalukya dynasty of Lata, dated 1050
A.D. associates the Rashtrakuta dynasty with Kannauj. During 1089-90 A.D.
Chandradeva the first Gahadavala king of Kannauj ruled and have protected the
sacred places of Kushika (Kannauj). Kannauj once more recovered a large measure
of its old importance during 1114 A.D. to 1154 . During the reign of Chauhans
(1170-1194 A.D.) Kannauj became powerful and annexed to Delhi. Kannauj
(Jaichandra's capital) was the scene of Svayamvara of his daughter Samyogita,
who was carried off by Prithviraj III. Mohammad Ghauri invaded India and killed
Jaichandra in 1193 A.D.
Jaichand's son, Harichandra continued to occupy Kannauj even
after 1193 A.D. The Muslim supremacy over the kingdom was perplexing or
abhorrent to him and so he discreetly omitted any specific reference to
Harichandra or his Muslims overlord. In 1233-34 Iltutmish ordered the Kannauj
Garrison to join the imperial forces in an expedition against Kalinjar. In
1244, The district of Kannauj was conferred by the dissolute Alauddin Masaud on
his uncle Jalaluddin for his maintenance. The royal forces reached Kannauj and
besieged the fort of Balsandah. This fortress was very strong and the royal
forces returned with immense booty.
Ghiasuddin Balban, who then possessed the Delhi throne,
(1268-87) marched towards this region and divided the whole area into a number
of military commands. At each of these place he erected forts,garrisoned with
seasoned Afghan troops. Balban himself remained in the vicinity for many
months. Ziauddin Barani writes "Sixty years have passed since these
events, but the roads have ever since been free from robbers." In 1290
Jalaluddin Firoz Khalji visited the fort of Bhojapur and is believed to have
built bridge across the Ganga near the fort. In 1346-47 Muhammad Tughlaq went
on another expedition on to this region and reach Sargdaori. In 1392, after a
gap of about forty five years, this region was once again up in arms against
the imperial authority of this area. In collusion with the Chauhans and
Solankhis of the surrounding tracts, the Rajputs of this area broke out in open
rebellion. In 1394, the suspected outbreak of another rebellion in this region,
the sultan conferred on Khwaja Jahan the title of Malik-ul-Sharq "and
appointed him governor of Hindustan from Kannauj to Bihar devolving upon him
full power." Malik-ul-Sharq died in 1399 and his adopted son, Mubarak Shah
became the virtual ruler at Delhi and reached Kannauj.
In 1414, Khizr Khan (whom Timur had left in charge of his
possessions in India) occupied the throne of Delhi and inaugurated the rule of
Saiyid dynasty. Immediately after his accession in 1423, Mubarak Shah Saiyid
marched to Kampil to suppress the Rajputs of the place. On Sikandar Lodhi's
death in 1517, his son, Ibrahim, became emperor. He reached Kannauj where he
was greeted by Azam Humayun Sarvani, the governor of Kannauj. The result was
that several Afghan chiefs willingly joined and Kannauj became a fief under the
sovereignty of the Mughals. Kannauj appears to have been recovered by Afghans.
In 1527 Babar mobilised his forces against the rebel chief of Chanderi. Babar
now captured Chanderi but lost Kannauj and Shamsabad to the Afghans. Kannauj
became a dependency of the rebels who found themselves at the head of Muslims
and Rajputs. Humayan's continued occupation in the north and gave the ambitious
Sher Shah Suri a free hand to prosecute his designs in the east. In July 1537,
he entrusted the government of Kannauj to his brother-in-law Nur-ud-din
Mohammad. Sher Shah Suri now cut off Humayun's communication with Delhi while
the desertion of Hindal and Nur-ud-din (governor of Kannauj) completely blocked
Humayun from all sides. Humayun fled across the river to Mainpuri and later in
1543 left India for Kandahar.
It appears that immediately after the capture of Kannauj
Sher Shah destroyed the old city and built a fort of burnt brick there
"and on the spot of gaining victory he built a city Sher Sur." In
1555 the Afghans were over thrown and the power of the Mughals was once again
established by Humayun, who returned India after 12 years but he died soon in January
1556 and he was succeeded by his son Akbar. Kannauj was the headquarter of a
Sirkar containing 30 Mahals. Kampil, Saurikh, Sakrawa, Sakatpur and Kannauj of
Akbar's time have also retained their old names except Kannauj. In 1592 Kannauj
was given to Muzaffar Hussain Mirza, but he proved to be a drunkard and was
soon deprived.
In 1610, Jahangir (1605-27) granted the government of
Kannauj to Abdurrahim, the son of great Bairam.
After the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, the references to the
district become more frequent. The decay of the Mughal empire led to the
establishment of several independent principalities in north India of which was
the territory of Farrukhabad which played an important part in the subsequent
history of the district.
In 1665 was born at Mau-Rashidabad (a suburb of Kaimganj)
Pathan child, who was named Mohammad Khan. When he was 20, Mohammad Khan joined
the bands of Pathan freebooters. At the emperor Farruksiyar's invitation to
join forces with him to suppress his cousin Jahandar Shah, he joined him. when
Jahandar Shah was defeated Mohammad Khan was rewarded and received the title of
Nawab. After having successfully commanded he obtained leave to return home
where he founded the towns of Kaimganj and Mohammadabad. The first name after
his eldest son, is not far from Mau-Rashidabad. Mohammadabad (about 23 km. from
Farrukhabad) which he named after himself. On a high mound called Kal-ka-khera,
he built a fort, of which only the ruins now remain. It is said that
Farrukhsiyar became angry when he heard that Mohammad Khan had founded a town
in his own name. To abate his benefactor's wrath, the nawab announced his
intention of founding another town which he would name after the emperor.
Mohammad Khan asked for and obtained a grant of fifty two Bamtela villages as
the site of the new city which he named FARRUKHABAD after Farrukhsiyar, the
foundations which were laid in 1714.
Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Khan's second son was chosen leader of
the revolt. Ahmad Khan was made Amir-ul-umra and imperial pay-master, served
the emperor well at the battle of Panipat. In 1769 the Marathas again made
their appearance under Mahdaji Sindhia and Holkar and attacked Farrukhabad.
Hafiz Rahmat whose territory in Etawah was also threatened, joined hands with
Ahmed Khan and encamped between Fatehgarh and Farrukhabad. Ahmad Khan died in
July 1771. Shah Alam was then at Kannauj and decided to resume the Farrukhabad
territory. In 1773 Shuja-ud-daula succeeded in expelling the Marathas, the
south parganas of the district included all Farrukhabad south of Kali Nadi
except Chibramau. From 1780 to 1785 a British resident was appointed in the
district, probably at Fatehgarh. Warren Hastings has also promised to withdraw
the resident of Farrukhabad, but did not do so. From the early part of 1857,
there had been great excitement in the
district as rumours that the government was issuing leather rupees
coated with silver in order to depreciate the currency and to destroy casts.
The freedom struggle started in Meerut on May 10 and the news reached Fatehgarh
on the 14th. At Fatehgarh (a few km. from Farrukhabad) was posted the 10th
Indian Infantry, Commanded by (Colonel) Smith.
On June 1, the officer of Aligarh Police Station rode into
Fatehgarh with the information that there was uprising in the trans gangetic
parganas under the freedom struggle. The two regiments marched up the Grand
Trunk Road through Gursahaiganj and Chibramau, sacking the police stations at
these places. On 18th the Avadh freedom fighters entered the Fatehgarh
regiments lines. By Sept. 1857, Delhi was back in British hands which
completely changed the fate. Niyaz Mohammad evaded capture for many years by
taking to a life of wandering in the course of which he visited Mecca many
times. The close of the 19th century saw the rise of the activities of the Arya
Samaj in Farrukhabad and other towns. The 20th century saw the down of
nationalism in the country. During the anti partition of Bengal agitation of
1905, public meeting, strikes and protests were held. Mohan Das Karam Chand
Gandhi the great nationalist leader's movement for boycotting foreign goods
also went ahead.
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